高中英语阅读理解题的解题策略
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阅读理解题在高考英语试题中所占比重大，许多学生在做阅读题时比较吃力，阅读理解题成了失分率较高的题型。教师引导学生掌握阅读理解题的解题技巧能在一定程度上提升学生的分数。本文将从阅读理解题的题型出发，结合具体题目谈谈高中英语阅读理解题的解题策略。
一、学生解阅读理解题时出错的原因
首先，学生的词汇量较少，这在一定程度上会影响对整篇文章的理解。读懂文章是建立在一定词汇量的基础之上，许多高中生由于词汇储备量较少，导致无法理解文章内容，进而在解题时出错。
其次，阅读材料中长句较多，需要学生有基本的语法知识，才能够进一步理解和把握句意。许多高中学生缺乏语法知识，也不能准确划分句子成分，导致不能理解文章。
最后，学生缺乏相关的解题技巧。
二、解题技巧
高中英语阅读题主要由三种题型组成，分别是细节理解题、推理判断题和猜测词义题。因此在教学当中教师可以从题型着手，以高考题为素材，有针对性地分析总结对应的解题技巧。
1.细节理解题
这一类题目主要是考查学生全面理解文章内容和捕捉细节信息的能力。学生在作答时，首先要根据题干词准确定位。在定位过程中存在两种情况，一种是带着题干中的关键词可以准确在原文中找到内容；另一种是根据题干中的关键词，无法直接在文中找到相匹配的内容。这时候就需要密切注意关键词，在原文中寻找与所画出来关键词相关的近义词、短语或者句子，然后对比选项即可。
例如：26. In the four Japanese gentlemen’ s eyes, Geri took their cards _____________.
A. excitedly B. embarrassingly C. politely D. disrespectfully
原文：Everything! Her jeans were the first gaffe. Even if you’re coming off a bicycle in Japan, you do not meet c1ients (客人) casually dressed. The second mistake was Geri’s handling of their business cards rudely.
【解析】细节理解题。根据The second mistake was Geri’s handling of their business cards rudely中的rudely，选择近义词disrespectfully。
故选D项。
2.推理判断题
推理判断题主要设置两个方面的难点，一方面是学生是否能够根据题干内容找到相关的线索，同时排除干扰线索；另一方面，学生在推断时是否能够根据原文内容推测，在答题时不加入自己的主观判断。做推理判断题时与细节理解题步骤是相同的，唯一的区别是推理判断题无法直接找到答案，需要根据作者表达的原意做进一步的推断。
例如：27. Why did the four Japanese gentlemen leave Geri suddenly?
A. Because they couldn’t bear Geri’s behavior any longer.
B. Because they had finished the task.
C. Because Geri had something more important to do.
D. Because Geri felt embarrassed.
原文：Everything! Her jeans were the first gaffe. Even if you’re coming off a bicycle in Japan, you do not meet c1ients (客人) casually dressed. The second mistake was Geri’s handling of their business cards rudely. In Japan, the business card is one of the most important communicative tools. It is always presented and accepted respectfully with both hands. However, Geri put their cards away much too quickly. In Japan, people use business cards as a conversation starter. You chat about each other’s cards and work and do not put theirs away until they gently and respectfully place yours in safekeeping. Putting it carelessly into her jeans pocket was the ultimate disrespect.
【解析】根据倒数第二段可知这些男士认为Geri的做法极为不礼貌，已经无法忍受，所以离开了，故选A项。
3. 词义猜测题
在解答词义猜测题时，要密切关注这一词语在特定语境中的含义。
例如：28. What does the underlined word “gaffe” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. ignorance B. sadness C. mistake D. carelessness
原文：At this point, the four Japanese gentlemen stood up and, bowing only very slightly, said “Sayonara” and left immediately. Poor Geri was left astonished. What did she do wrong?
【解析】根据What did she do wrong?再根据第三段都是列举她的错误所在，故选C项。
综上所述，要想有效提升学生阅读题的解题能力，需要教师了解学生出错的原因，开展针对性的教学，夯实学生的知识基础，尤其要加强解题技巧的指导。针对不同的题型，教师应引导学生总结科学的解题方法，正确把握文本内容和中心思想，抓住细节，合理推理，提升学生阅读题解题的准确率。
